Compact electrodynamics (gauged group U(1)) without matter in d-dimensional spacetime has a magnetic (d-3)-form symmetry, an example of a higher-form symmetry (article 09181). The magnetic symmetry is generated by topological Wilson operators localized on two-dimensional surfaces, and the corresponding charged operators are 't Hooft operators localized on closed (d-3)-dimensional manifolds.
Articles 40191 and 93302 construct generalizations of these operators for any compact connected gauged group G, treating spacetime as discrete so the math is elementary and unambiguous. This article specializes those constructions to electrodynamics (G=U(1)). The relationship between these magnetically charged 't Hooft operators and the topological 't Hooft operators constructed in article 82508 is explained.
