2025-11-14   82508

Topological 't Hooft Operators in Path Integrals

Article 09181 introduces the concept of a topological operator in quantum field theory. This article uses the path integral formulation to construct a family of topological operators called 't Hooft operators in models whose only field is a gauge field. The gauged group can be any compact Lie group. A topological 't Hooft operator is nominally localized on a (d-2)-dimensional submanifold Σ of d-dimensional spacetime.

This article treats spacetime as discrete so the math is straightforward. Article 53519 uses the canonical (continuous time) formulation to construct topological 't Hooft operators for which the submanifold Σ is restricted to a single time. This article explains how to relate that description of the operators to the one introduced here.

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www.cphysics.org updated 2025-11-15