Date:  2026-05-24

Article ID:  36626

Article 93302 uses the path integral formulation to construct 't Hooft operators localized on closed manifolds Γ with codimension 3 in the spacetime manifold M. The construction uses a principal U(1)-bundle over the base space M \ Γ such that the restriction of the bundle to any 2-sphere linked with Γ is nontrivial. This article explains how to construct some examples of such principal U(1)-bundles.